Events during 1820-1865 transformed the geography of the American South and West. For example, the Indian Removal Act of 1830 forced the relocation of thousands of Indians who lived east of the Mississippi River to lands west of the Mississippi. Land acquired through the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo following the war with Mexico transformed Americans' sense of the West-and the amount of land available for settlement and exploitation. Irresolvable differences between the North and South culminated in the Civil War, a bloody conflict that cost the lives of over six hundred thousand Americans before the South surrendered in 1865.

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Major Cities, 1840
The Missouri Compromise, 1820
Indian Removals, 1830-1840
Utopian Communities, Mid-Nineteenth Century
The Trans - Mississippi West, 1840s
The Mexican War, 1846-48
The Railroad Network, 1850s
Slave Population, 1860
Major Crops of the South, 1860
The Secession of the Southern States, 1860-61
The Civil War, 1863
The Civil War, 1864-65